Abstract:
Recent advances in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may be attributed to their increased accuracy and speed while
gathering data, wireless communication, and data computation. Small, low-power sensor nodes present in these networks organize
and set themselves up to do the activities that they are designed for. WSNs benefits are economical, simple to set up, adaptable, and
efficient. However, there are some issues with longevity of networks and low energy consumption. By grouping nodes into a small
number of clusters and choosing a cluster head (CH) to oversee data aggregation and transmission to the base station (BS), clustering
has shown to be the most effective method for dealing with the difficulties of WSNs. Nevertheless, the insufficient CH selection and
cluster construction methods, there are still a lot of challenges, including energy hole and isolated node difficulties. To learn more about
this topic of how certain authors approach the aforementioned issues, we conducted an in-depth study of several meta-heuristic and
non-heuristic approaches used in networks in a wide range of environments to choose CH and cluster creation, which are discussed in
this paper.
